![]() This regulation seems to be mediated by the NHE3 cytoplasmic regulatory domain, since it is possible to isolate a region of the NHE3 C-terminal tail (amino acids 1251-1286 of isoform 3) that is necessary and sufficient for this regulation (Ren, Y. NHE3 is an apical membrane protein that is uniquely regulated by intracellular pH (pHcyt), such that an acidic pH stimulates, while a basic pH inhibits, NHE3-mediated transport. Na+/H+ exchange proteins have been shown to be important for maintaining the resting membrane potential and regulating cell volume (reviewed in Kawano, T., J. Aldosterone binding to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activates the transcription of the β and γ subunit of ENaC (reviewed in Cummins, F. Potassium (K+) secretion is primarily controlled by the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in the apical membrane of aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN) cells. Consequently, alterations in Cl− transport have been associated with several diseases, including hypertension, asthma, emphysema and cystic fibrosis, to mention just a few. It is invaluable to us!Ĭhloride (Cl−) transport plays important roles in numerous physiological processes, ranging from acid-base regulation and volume homeostasis, to the extrusion of anions and the release of hormones such as aldosterone, insulin and glucagon.
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